Engineered cementitious composites is a field of materials science and structural engineering investigating a class of high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based materials characterized by remarkable tensile ductility and strain-hardening behavior under tensile stress. This research area focuses on the micromechanical design principles governing fiber-matrix interaction and controlled multiple microcracking, distinct from the brittle failure of traditional concrete, to achieve high tensile strain capacity and enhanced durability for advanced infrastructure applications.