Endocrine surgery is a specialized surgical discipline and academic field dedicated to the study, diagnosis, and operative management of diseases affecting the endocrine glands. It investigates pathologies requiring surgical intervention, such as neoplasms or hyperplasia of the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pancreas, focusing on the development and application of techniques to restore hormonal balance, alleviate structural effects, and improve patient outcomes through precise surgical intervention.