Electro-optics is a field of research and applied science concerned with the interaction between electric fields and light, focusing on phenomena where the optical properties of materials are modified by an applied electric field. This discipline investigates electro-optic effects such as the Pockels and Kerr effects, enabling the development of devices and systems for controlling, modulating, and sensing light using electrical signals, which is fundamental to optical communications, display technologies, and advanced sensing applications.