Economic transformation is a research field and academic concept concerned with fundamental, long-term changes in the structure and functioning of an economy. It involves significant shifts in the dominant sectors of production, technological bases, institutional frameworks, and social relations underpinning economic activity. This concept investigates the processes, drivers, and consequences of these structural shifts, including transitions between agrarian, industrial, and service-based economies, the adoption of new technologies, and the evolution of economic governance. Key characteristics include non-marginal, systemic changes that reshape production, consumption, and distribution patterns. Its significance lies in providing frameworks to understand economic development pathways, sources of sustained prosperity, and the challenges and opportunities associated with deep-seated economic change.