Economic discrimination is a field of study within economics and sociology that investigates the unequal treatment of individuals or groups in economic processes, such as employment, housing, credit markets, or consumption, based on characteristics unrelated to their productivity or merit, such as race, gender, age, religion, or other protected attributes. This concept examines the mechanisms, causes (including prejudice, statistical discrimination, and institutional factors), measurement, and consequences of such disparities for individuals, markets, and overall economic efficiency and equity. Its significance lies in understanding and addressing systemic inequalities and informing policy interventions aimed at promoting fair and equitable economic outcomes.