Currency manipulation is the deliberate intervention by a government or central bank in the foreign exchange market or through other policy tools to influence the value of its domestic currency relative to foreign currencies, typically to achieve specific economic objectives. As a research concept, it investigates the motivations, instruments, and economic consequences of these actions, particularly concerning their impact on international trade competitiveness, capital flows, and global financial stability, highlighting distortions to market-determined exchange rates and their implications for international economic relations and policy coordination.