Concepedia

Criminal Penalties

Criminal Penalties is a legal sanction imposed by the state through judicial processes that distinguishes itself within the category of punitive measures by specifically involving incarceration, fines, or other court-mandated consequences for violations related to the unlawful production, distribution, or use of controlled substances.

2.3K

Publications

137.6K

Citations

2.6K

Authors

881

Institutions

Publications per year

2017–2026

336

Parents

Children

Publications

2.3K

Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach

Gary S. Becker · Journal of Political Economy · 1968 · 13.3K citations

, , +9

Punishment and inequality in America

Choice Reviews Online · 2007 · 2.1K citations

, , +8

The Economic Theory of Public Enforcement of Law

Steven Shavell · Journal of Economic Literature · 2000 · 1.2K citations

, , +13

Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence

Carol Trilling, Jack P. Gibbs · The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) · 1976 · 1.1K citations

, , +10

Invisible punishment : the collateral consequences of mass imprisonment

Marc Mauer, Meda Chesney‐Lind · Medical Entomology and Zoology · 2002 · 931 citations

, , +15

1–5 of 2.3K

Authors

2.6K

  1. MT
    Michael Tonry

    University of Minnesota, United States

    18 publications · 2.4K citations

    18

    h-index

  2. KB
    Katherine Beckett

    University of Washington, United States

    15 publications · 2.6K citations

    15

    h-index

  3. CS
    Cassia Spohn

    Arizona State University, United States

    17 publications · 1.4K citations

    14

    h-index

  4. JV
    Julian V. Roberts

    University of Ottawa, Canada

    16 publications · 546 citations

    13

    h-index

  5. SS
    Steven Shavell

    National Bureau of Economic Research, United States

    13 publications · 2.9K citations

    13

    h-index

1–5 of 2.6K

Institutions

881

  1. Institute of Criminology

    Ljubljana, Slovenia

    28 h-index

    55 publications

    3.6K citations

  2. Florida State University

    Tallahassee, United States

    26 h-index

    58 publications

    4.7K citations

  3. University of Pennsylvania

    Philadelphia, United States

    25 h-index

    45 publications

    2.6K citations

  4. University of Chicago

    Chicago, United States

    23 h-index

    31 publications

    2.3K citations

  5. University of Washington

    Seattle, United States

    22 h-index

    46 publications

    5.3K citations

  6. University of Cincinnati

    Cincinnati, United States

    22 h-index

    42 publications

    2.6K citations

  7. University of Oxford

    Oxford, United Kingdom

    20 h-index

    34 publications

    2.5K citations

  8. Pennsylvania State University

    State College, United States

    19 h-index

    29 publications

    3.3K citations

1–8 of 881

Venues

  1. Punishment & Society

    56 publications · 3.6K citations

    33

    h-index

  2. SSRN Electronic Journal

    Repository · 115 publications · 4K citations

    32

    h-index

  3. Criminology

    36 publications · 5K citations

    31

    h-index

  4. Journal of Criminal Justice

    43 publications · 2.2K citations

    30

    h-index

  5. 29

    h-index

1–5