During the period 1964–1972, safety surveillance of oral contraceptives emerged as a central research aim, driven by rising usage and concerns about thromboembolism. Researchers adopted epidemiologic and pharmacovigilance methods to characterize risk by steroid formulation, linking specific components to adverse events and informing risk communication and regulatory labeling. The era established systematic post-market safety assessment as a core element of contraceptive science, shaping how products were evaluated and monitored over time.