Buried structure engineering is an academic and applied discipline focused on the analysis, design, construction, and long-term performance of structures fully or partially embedded within soil or rock masses. It investigates the intricate phenomena of soil-structure interaction, load transfer mechanisms, stability, and durability under various environmental and loading conditions, aiming to optimize the design and ensure the safety and serviceability of critical buried infrastructure such as culverts, tunnels, retaining walls, and buried bridges.