• Brain localization and language dominance emerged as a central neurolinguistic question, integrating intracarotid amytal testing, isolation of speech areas, and brain-biological foundations to map where speech is computed and controlled [3], [9], [10], [12].

• Speech perception and language processing in aphasia were advanced through theory-driven models of perception and extensive aphasia testing, including naming, recognition, and phonological processing tasks [4], [13], [14], [15], [18], [20].

• Developmental dyslexia and reading-related language issues highlighted neurodevelopmental variability in language: developmental dyslexia, verbal labeling deficits in atypical readers, and referential processing in discourse [5], [7], [19].

• Clinical-neuropsychological methods and hemispheric asymmetry provide insight into language via dichotic listening, right-hemisphere injury studies, and clinical communication phenomena [2], [6], [11], [16].

• Theoretical universals and biology-based foundations frame language as a universal cognitive system, integrating universals in linguistic theory with biology-driven language foundations [8], [9], [17].