The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract and ligustrazine combination on ameliorating inflammation in cerebral ischemic rats that have undergone thrombolysis. Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine per se, or a combination of A. membranaceus and ligustrazine was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately after surgery and sham surgery. After the induction of thrombolysis, the neurological function was measured and cerebral lesion volume was determined. The regulatory T cells in the spleen were measured by flow cytometry. To explore the protective effects of the combination drug on the neurological function and inflammation, the expression of transcription factor Foxp3 and cytokines, including transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 10, interleukin 4, interleukin 1 beta, interferon gamma, interleukin 17, in damaged brain was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cerebral lesion volume was markedly reduced in the combination drug-treated rats compared to the rats treated with either A. membranaceus or ligustrazine alone (P < 0.05). The neurological function, regulatory T cells, transcription factor Foxp3, transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 10, and interleukin 4 were markedly elevated in the rats treated with combination drugs (P < 0.05). The expression of interleukin 1 beta, interferon gamma, and interleukin 17 was reduced in the rats treated with combination drug therapy (P < 0.05). Treatment with a combination of A. membranaceus and ligustrazine can ameliorate inflammation after thrombolysis and regulate the related cytokines by elevating the expression of endogenous regulatory T cells.

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