21:I[432972,["/_next/static/chunks/bb923814e1f4d2e9.js","/_next/static/chunks/dd3ee9f5b7716ca6.js","/_next/static/chunks/4204a0ae82542ca8.js","/_next/static/chunks/1270dead247da766.js","/_next/static/chunks/6e1aa89a642f40be.js","/_next/static/chunks/2d7aa753e81324a8.js","/_next/static/chunks/8ffd0b71567920d8.js","/_next/static/chunks/67ea6dfd21f16c5f.js","/_next/static/chunks/24eb4379f68013fd.js","/_next/static/chunks/b8cd775ffdf935bd.js","/_next/static/chunks/983103cd9eb7b428.js","/_next/static/chunks/263f2cdcb9aa2341.js","/_next/static/chunks/294b9525248c8e5f.js"],"default"] 22:T49e,Activation of integrins is crucial for recruitment of flowing leukocytes to inflammatory or injured vascular sites, but their spatiotemporal characteristics are incompletely understood. We discovered that β₂-integrin activation over the entire surface of neutrophils on immobilized P-selectin occurred via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or non-MAPK signaling with a minute-level timescale in a force-dependent manner. In flow, MAPK signaling required intracellular Ca²⁺ release to activate integrin within 2 min. Integrin activation via non-MAPK signaling occurred first locally in the vicinity of ligated P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) within sub-seconds, and then over the entire cell surface within 1 min in an extracellular Ca²⁺ influx-dependent manner. The transition from a local (but rapid) to global (but slow) activation mode was triggered by ligating the freshly activated integrin. Lipid rafts, moesin, actin, and talin were involved in non-MAPK signaling. Fluid loads had a slight effect on local integrin activation with a second-level timescale, but served as enhancers of global integrin activation.23:T52b,The dimensionless roughness length derived from dimensional analysis bears a relation to wave age, and the dimensionless form of roughness length can be expressed with the relation with a significant wave height. Based on six experiments (HEXMAX, RASEX, BIO steady platform, Lake Ontario data analysis FETCH, CBLAST low wind), we verified that the Charnock parameter, zch, and dimensionless roughness length, z0/Hs, are dependent on wave age, u∗/cp. Moreover, we constructed a new scheme for roughness length, and explored its sensitivity to friction velocity and wave age. Combining the newly developed parameterization scheme (PS07) with COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment V.3.0) algorithm, we calculated the data from the North Sea Platform experiment in December, 1985, and made an attempt to validate the suitability of the PS07 compared to the other three schemes of COARE. We found that the calculated results based on the PS07 are close to the measurements. We also conducted an experiment in which the PS07 was combined with the nested model of waves coupling in datasets of 3 typhoons that occurred at the Zhanjiang Seaport. The comparison results between the calculated and observed waves around the Naozhou Island indicate that the new parameterization scheme (PS07) has a good applicability.

#	Concept	H-Index	Publications	Citations
1	Engineering	1	1	31
2	Medicine	1	1	31
3	Cell Biology	1	1	31
4	Cellular Physiology	1	1	31
5	Biomechanics	1	1	31

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