The removal of bromate (BrO₃^-) as a by-product of ozonation in subsequent managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems, specifically in anoxic nitrate (NO₃^-)-reducing zones, has so far gained little attention. In this study, batch reactors and columns were used to explore the influence of NO₃^- and increased assimilable organic carbon (AOC) due to ozonation pre-treatment on BrO₃^- removal in MAR systems. 8 m column experiments were carried out for 10 months to investigate BrO₃^- behavior in anoxic NO₃^--reducing zones of MAR systems. Anoxic batch experiments showed that an increase of AOC promoted microbial activity and corresponding BrO₃^- removal. A drastic increase of BrO₃^- biodegradation was observed in the sudden absence of NO₃^- in both batch reactors and columns, indicating that BrO₃^- and NO₃^- competed for biodegradation by denitrifying bacteria and NO₃^- was preferred as an electron acceptor under the simultaneous presence of NO₃^- and BrO₃^-. However, within 75 days' absence of NO₃^- in the anoxic column, BrO₃^- removal gradually decreased, indicating that the presence of NO₃^- is a precondition for denitrifying bacteria to reduce BrO₃^- in NO₃^--reducing anoxic zones. In the 8 m anoxic column set-up (retention time 6 days), the BrO₃^- removal achieved levels as low as 1.3 μg/L, starting at 60 μg/L (98% removal). Taken together, BrO₃^- removal is likely to occur in vicinity of NO₃^--reducing anoxic zones, so MAR systems following ozonation are potentially effective to remove BrO₃^-.

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