The southern tropical coastal areas of China are high-temperature and high-humidity salt environments, which hinder the durability and service life of ordinary asphalt pavement. To enhance the durability of asphalt pavement in these areas, modified bagasse fiber combined with nano-TiO₂ was used to improve the corrosion resistance of asphalt pavement in high-temperature and high-humidity salt environments. The micro-morphology, high-temperature oil absorption, high-temperature heat resistance, and hygroscopicity of bagasse fiber modified using three silane coupling agents combined with NaOH were compared, and the best silane coupling agent/NaOH modification scheme for bagasse fiber was found. Based on conventional physical tests (penetration, softening point, ductility), rheological property tests (rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheological test, multi-stress creep recovery test, linear amplitude scanning test), and a four-point bending fatigue test of the asphalt mixture, the properties of modified bagasse fiber asphalt binder and mixture after cyclic dry-wet erosion under pure water and salt solution (NaCl, Na₂SO₄) were determined, and the effects of the erosion environment and fiber ratio on the basic physical and rheological properties of the asphalt were clarified. Compared with the silane coupling agents KH550 and KH590, the bagasse fiber modified with KH570/NaOH had a better high-temperature oil absorption capacity, heat stability capacity, and matrix asphalt compatibility. The worst erosion environment was Na₂SO₄, but the increase in test temperature and fiber content weakened the sensitivity of the asphalt binder performance in different erosion environments. The erosion capacity order was as follows: Na₂SO₄ > NaCl > pure water. In the worst erosion environment, 0.5% modified bagasse fiber/Nano-TiO₂ asphalt binder (B_n_-570-0.5) had the best corrosion resistance in a high-temperature and high-humidity salt environment. The penetration, softening point, creep recovery rate R_3.2, non-recoverable creep compliance J_nr_3.2, and fatigue life after long-term aging (with 5% strain) of B_n-_570-0.5 were, respectively, increased by -16.9%, 37.5%, 37.95%, -27.86%, and 38.30% compared with unblended base asphalt binder (B). In addition, the four-point flexural fatigue life of B_n-_570-0.5 was 169.2% higher than that of the unblended base mixture.

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