Karl W. Birkeland

Review of spatial variability of snowpack properties and its importance for avalanche formation

Jürg Schweizer, Kalle Kronholm, J. Bruce Jamieson et al. · Cold Regions Science and Technology · 2007 · 221 citations

Climatology, Meteorology, Engineering +9

Snow Avalanche Climatology of the Western United States Mountain Ranges

Cary J. Mock, Karl W. Birkeland · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2000 · 185 citations

Glacier, Engineering, Geomorphology +21

Estimating the effective elastic modulus and specific fracture energy of snowpack layers from field experiments

Alec van Herwijnen, Johan Gaume, Edward H. Bair et al. · Journal of Glaciology · 2016 · 103 citations · Full text

Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Snowpack Layers +20

The Extended Column Test: Test effectiveness, spatial variability, and comparison with the Propagation Saw Test

Ron Simenhois, Karl W. Birkeland · Cold Regions Science and Technology · 2009 · 86 citations

Reliability, Spatial Science, Engineering +11

Power‐laws and snow avalanches

Karl W. Birkeland, Christopher C. Landry · Geophysical Research Letters · 2002 · 84 citations · Full text

Geophysics, Meteorology, Storm Surge +12