23:T4cd,Indiscriminate usage of antibiotics has caused accelerating growth and global expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for guiding antibiotic prescription and preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance is in urgent need. Phenotypic AST is the clinical gold standard method; however, no phenotypic AST has realized a colony-to-answer at about 1 h by utilizing the chemiluminescence sensor to detect the enzyme expressed by bacteria. Inspired by the bubble formation in the mixture of Escherichia coli and H₂O₂, we demonstrate a strategy based on the chemiluminescence sensor for rapid AST. Compared with the gold standard methods, the values of AUC are 0.960 for E. coli and 0.950 for Staphylococcus aureus, close to 1, indicating superb diagnostic performance as an AST method. The whole process from colonies to answer is 55 min for E. coli and 70 min for S. aureus. The chemiluminescence readout is based on the common equipment in the laboratory of the hospital, which is conducive to follow-up clinical promotion. Our sensor promises great potential in rapid AST, facilitating antimicrobial stewardship.24:T448,The complicated synthesis and undesirable biocompatibility of nanomaterials hinder the synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy for bacterial infections. Herein, we develop a one-step preparation method of 2D AuPd alloy nanosheets as imaging-guided photonic nano-antibiotics. 2D AuPd alloy nanosheets with an extremely small thickness (∼1.5 nm) exhibit prominent photothermal effects (η = 76.6%), excellent ROS generation, strong photoacoustic signals and desirable biocompatibility. AuPd nanosheets can eliminate 100% of representative Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) when irradiated using an 808 nm laser at 1 W cm^-2 for 5 minutes. After being modified with a bacterial targeting peptide, under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging, AuPd nanosheets achieve promising synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic efficacy in treating Staphylococcus aureus infected mice. This work expands the biomedical application of 2D noble metal nanomaterials to the field of photonic nano-antibiotics.

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