24:T505,Tenderness is a primary indicator of meat quality, which directly influences consumer acceptance of the meat. Ultrasound can effectively increase the tenderness of red meat, such as pork and beef, by breaking up muscle fibers and connective tissues through mechanical force, thus making it a basis for physical tenderization of meat to improve meat quality. In this study, ultrasound (2200 W, 15 kHz) was applied in the processing of pork loin to explore the influences of varying treatment durations (0-6 minutes) and posttreatment aging durations (0-2 days) on the tenderness, texture profile, physical and chemical qualities (myofibrillar fragmentation index, or MFI, and rate of marinade absorption), and sensory evaluation (9-point hedonic scale) of meat. The results indicated that ultrasonic treatment (2200 W) for 6 minutes can effectively tenderize the meat by increasing the MFI to 15.1%, lowering the hardness in texture profile analysis (TPA) to 87.6%, and reducing shear force to 87.9%. Moreover, if pork loin is allowed to age for 48 hours following 6 minutes of ultrasonic treatment, shear force can be further reduced to 72.3%. The sensory evaluation scores for texture, tenderness, and overall acceptance of pork loin increased with the elongated ultrasonic treatment.25:T41f,Nowadays cancers pose a great threat to the health of human beings. Based on studies on the flavonoids and other bioactive compounds of Citrus fruits in current literature, it was widely suggested that the consumption of Citrus fruits is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases including cancers. In the past decades, the study concerning Citrus flavonoids has covered various areas including the type, content and distribution of flavonoids in fruits; their variation between wild and cultivated genotypes; their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. To enlighten future Citrus germplasm study, this review introduces briefly the functions of main types of Citrus flavonoids, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-aging activities, and their relationships to human cancers. Most importantly, the mechanisms of action by which Citrus flavonoids play their roles in human cancer prevention and treatment were summarized.26:T4b5,Cereal flour protein has been used in processed meat products to improve yield and texture by enhancing water-binding properties. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rice flour on physicochemical properties, cooking loss, storage modulus, texture and sensory properties of reduced-fat emulsified sausage. Addition of rice flour at 2%, 4% and 6% significantly improved the moisture content of emulsified sausage compared to control (p < 0.05). Emulsified sausage containing rice flour additives showed a significantly lower cooking loss and better emulsion stability compared to control samples due to a lower release rate of water (p <0.05). L* value of reduced-fat sausage significantly decreased with the addition of 6% of rice flour compared to others samples (p < 0.05). Supplementation of 6% rice flour significantly increased the hardness values of reduced-fat sausage compared to control and other rice flour levels (p < 0.05). Rice flour added at 4% had the highest score for overall acceptability. It is concluded that the incorporation of rice flour could be an effective ingredient to improve the quality and sensory of emulsified sausage with reduced fat content.27:T5fc,

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