has lowest. In ducks plain duck showed high hardness and patha tharavu with minimum.21:T54f,The effect of different basal media, temperature, pH, days of incubation, carbon and nitrogen sources was studied on growth, reproduction and ligninolytic enzymes production of Dictyoarthrinium synnematicum Somrith. The fungus reproduced by chlamydospores and produced maximum growth in Glucose-peptone medium. It produced chlamydospores only at 24℃ and pH range of 5-9. The optimum mycelial growth rate was observed at 24℃ and pH 5 after 16 days of incubation. It showed gradual increase in the production of Lignin peroxidase up to 30 days, Manganese peroxidase up to 18 days of incubation after which it decreased and Laccase up to 22 days. The optimum growth and laccase activity were attained in lactose supplemented medium whereas the highest Lignin peroxidase and Manganese peroxidase activity was observed with glucose. It produced chlamydospores with fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose and xylose. Sodium nitrate is the best inorganic nitrogen source for growth. Resting spores were formed in inorganic and organic nitrogen sources used in basal medium. Ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate supported highest activity of Lignin peroxidase whereas best Manganese peroxidase activity was exhibited with ammonium oxalate and laccase with sodium nitrate. The fungus did not express ligninolytic enzymes activity with any organic nitrogen source.22:T535,The effect of solid-body blocking in a large (257 l) Blazka-style respirometer was examined in gag Mycteroperca microlepis. Gag ranging from 376-690 mm total length were tested at velocities from 10 to 91 cm s^-1. The solid blocking effect (SBE) due to fish size, swimming speed, and water temperature was investigated by direct measurement of flow velocity at the area of the fish's maximum girth as compared to measurements at the rear (center) of the swimming chamber. Three models were compared as corrections for the SBE: the standard Bell and Terhune (BT), a novel modification of the Bell and Terhune (MBT) developed in this study, and the Bernoulli equation. Although the fit was good, the commonly used BT model consistently underestimated solid-blocking effect over the speeds tested (R² _adj = 0.980) whereas the MBT and Bernoulli models provided better fits (both with R² _adj = 0.993). The MBT model, with refined parameters for the fish body shape coefficient and fractional surface area exponent, yielded the best fit for observed data across all speeds for which gag were tested. This study also demonstrated that in Blazka-style respirometers, corrections were needed to account for SBE where fish occupied >10% of the cross-sectional area of the swimming chamber.23:T5ff,

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