Background . McMaster University first introduced Problem Based Learning (PBL) in the mid 1960s. However, measuring the relationship between PBL for undergraduate nursing programs and students test performance has not yet been assessed in the USA. Purpose . The main purpose of this paper is to describe the effectiveness of PBL on senior student test performance on content related to PBL in a BSN program. Diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency were taught by traditional lecture format in the previous years. This was the first year we taught this content by the problem based learning method. Method . Historical control group was used to compare the test performances between the PBL groups and the traditional group using Student’s t -test. Result . The mean of diabetes mellitus related questions missed by the PBL group was less than the traditional group (t = 4.51, and P=.00). The mean of renal insufficiency related questions missed by the PBL group was more than the traditional group (t=-6.44, and P=.00). Discussion . This study produced inconclusive findings. Factors that could be attributed to their performance will be discussed.

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