24:T4b1,Objective To determine the frequency of thyroid carcinoma in multinodular goiter in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Patients and Methods This retrospective study was carried out at two private hospitals including a teaching University Hospital i.e. Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad over a period of three years from April 2005 to March 2008. All patients who underwent different types of thyroid surgeries during this period were included in the study. All data including age, gender, relevant investigations like ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology, type and duration of surgery and final histopathology report were recorded on a standard form. Results Out of 140 patients operated for different thyroid operations, 15 had thyroid carcinoma. Among them, 105 patients had multinodular goiter and eight (7.6%) had different thyroid cancers among these multinodular goiters. Papillary carcinoma was found to be the most common cancer in patients with multinodular goiter. Conclusion The risk of malignancy in multinodular goiter should not be underestimated as majority of the patients with thyroid cancers presents with multinodular goiter. (Rawal Med J 2010;35: ).25:T4f8,Objective: To determine the pattern of histopathological diagnoses in patients undergoing thyroid operations. Material and Method: This descriptive study was carried out at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad over a period of 3 years from May 2005 to April 2008. Patients having goiters and undergoing different types of thyroid surgeries for different indications were included in this study. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in patients with thyroid nodule or dominant nodule and was compared with postoperative histopathology. Those patients who underwent only FNAC but were not operated were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 140 thyroid surgical specimens, 125 (89%) were diagnosed to be having nonneoplastic lesions and were more common in females. Adenomatous goiter was the most common variety of benign lesions accounting for 60% of all thyroid nodules. Papillary carcinoma was the commonest thyroid malignancy and was observed in 60% of all thyroid malignancies seen. Conclusion: Benign thyroid lesions were more common than malignant ones. Adenomatous goiter was the commonest benign lesion of the thyroid gland while papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor of thyroid gland. (Rawal Med J 2009;34:14-16).26:T4cc,In this study, we investigated the diversity of diatrypaceous fungi from southeastern Tibet in China. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS and β-tubulin sequences of 75 taxa of Diatrypaceae from around the world. Based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence, a new genus-Alloeutypa, with three new species-A. milinensis, Diatrype linzhiensis, and Eutypella motuoensis, and a new combination-A. flavovirens, were revealed by the materials in China. Alloeutypa is characterized by stromatal interior olivaceous buff, stromata producing well-developed discrete, and ascospores allantoid, subhyaline. These characteristics separate the new genus from the similar genus Eutypa. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of new taxa are provided. All novelties described herein are morphologically illustrated and phylogeny investigated to better integrate taxa into the higher taxonomic framework and infer their phylogenetic relationships as well as establish new genera and species. Our results indicate that the diatrypaceous fungi harbor higher species diversity in China.27:T40c,Objectives: To evaluate the effects of malaria on Platelet count. Patients and Methods: This observational Study was carried out at the private clinic of author from January 2006 to December 2006. Two hundred and thirty six patients were positive for malarial parasite of the total 947 requests for slide examination. Of the total positive cases, 130 were positi

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