Unsupervised learning of invariant representations

A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity

Warren S. McCulloch, Walter Pitts · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · 1943 · 18K citations

Life Sciences, Neurobiology, Neuroscience +8

Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex

David H. Hubel, T. N. Wiesel · The Journal of Physiology · 1962 · 13.8K citations

Medicine, Neurobiology, Neuroscience +17

Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition

Yann LeCun, Bernhard E. Boser, J. S. Denker et al. · Neural Computation · 1989 · 11.9K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence +16

Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images

Bruno A. Olshausen, David J. Field · Nature · 1996 · 5.8K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Neuroscience +16

The Handbook of brain theory and neural networks

Choice Reviews Online · 1996 · 3.9K citations

Life Sciences, Neurobiology, Neuroscience +14