Epistaxis. Strategies for management.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epistaxis is a problem frequently encountered in general practice and may present as an emergency, as a chronic problem of recurrent bleeds or may be a symptom of a generalised disorder. OBJECTIVE: To provide practical guidelines for the management of the patient with epistaxis, with emphasis on the important aspects of patient history, examination and whether investigations are necessary. DISCUSSION: Given adequate knowledge of anatomy and clinical technique, epistaxis is easily managed. A focus on important aspects of history and examination assists in determining the site of bleeding and whether further investigations are necessary. Management includes resuscitation, if necessary, followed by cautery and/or packing of the site.