Housing for People with Mental Illnesses: A Comparison of Models and an Examination of the Growth of Alternative Housing in Canada

Abstract

The decrease over the past three decades in institutional care for people with mental illness has not been matched by the adequate development of specialized housing in the community. Broadly speaking, two major models of housing have emerged in the past 30 years: custodial and alternative. Large custodial settings, including boarding houses, nursing homes and special care homes, are typically not associated with residents' satisfaction or a positive outcome. Alternative housing refers to a range of models, including halfway houses, group homes, co-ops and supported housing. It is associated with better residents' outcomes. This paper briefly compares the two models and examines key issues in alternative housing and its development in Canada.