1DIFFERENTIAL OBJECT MARKING: ICONICITY VS. ECONOMY*

Abstract

A formal approach to the typology of DIFFERENTIAL OBJECT MARKING (DOM) is developed within the framework of Optimality Theory. The functional/typological literature has established that variation in DOM is structured by the dimensions of animacy and definiteness, with degree of prominence on these dimensions directly correlated with the likelihood of overt case-marking. In the present analysis, the degree to which DOM penetrates the class of objects reflects the tension between two types of principles. One involves iconicity: the more marked a direct object qua object, the more likely it is to be overtly case-marked. The other is a principle of economy: avoid case-marking. The tension between the two principles is resolved differently in different languages, as determined by language-particular ranking of the corresponding constraints. Constraints expressing object markedness are derived through HARMONC ALIGNMENT of prominence scales. Harmonic alignment predicts a corresponding phenomenon of DIFFERENTIAL SUBJECT MARKING. This too exists, though in a less articulated form.