2004 · 13 citations · 6 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesEnvironmental ManagementEnvironmental MonitoringRemote SensingWater Quality ManagementInfrared Remote SensingRemote Sensing For Resource AssessmentRemote Sensing Image AnalysisRemote Sensing ImagerySatellite SensorsWater Resource MonitoringBio-optical ModelingGeometric Correction Of Satellite ImageryIrradianceOptical PropertiesReflectanceRemote Sensing Data AnalysisRemote Sensing ReflectanceWater Quality Remote Sensing
The Indonesian coastal zones have always been under heavy pressures, including those from \nfisheries, oil industries and sea transportation. The presence of these activities carry a large \nportion of risk in damaging the environment as well as in destroying the marine resources, \nleading to the need for an integrated management approach based on an environmental \ninformation system that is comprehensive and multi-disciplinary in nature. The Mahakam Delta \nhas the same general problems as other coastal regions in Indonesia. The method is based on bio \noptical modeling. The forward water analysis comprised the laboratory measurements of water \nquality (TSM and Chl) and Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) to derive Spesific Inherent Optical \nproperties (SIOPs). SIOPs (of water, TSM, Chl and CDOM), coefficient f and B were used to \ndeveloped R(0-) model. The inverse atmosphere analysis comprised the image preprocessing (i.e. \ngeometric correction, atmospheric correction, air-water interface correction). The last step is \ninverse water analysis, which comprised the development of algorithm and image processing to \ndevelop TSM concentration maps. The spectrometer measurements collected in the field were \nused for obtaining the subsurface irradiance reflectance. The subsurface irradiance reflectance \nR(0-) is the ratio of upwelling (Ewu) and downwelling irradiance (Ewd) just beneath the water \nsurface. There are some discrepancies from matching R(0-) model and R(0-) measured in the \nfield, especially in the blue region and NIR region. The reason of the discrepancies could be due \nto the fact that the Q factor (the angular distribution factor of spectral radiance) is still not \nunderstood completely. This model is very susceptible to the decrease of the proportional factor \nf, and to the increase of the backscattering probability B. The results indicates that red band of \nsatellite sensor is sensitive to detect higher TSM concentration. For Mahakam Delta, red band \nalgorithm was used to derive TSM map, since higher TSM concentration occurred in the delta.
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Spectral signature of highly turbid waters
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Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters II Bidirectional aspects
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