1977 · 18 citations · 0 references
EngineeringAerospace EngineeringAerodynamicsAircraft DesignFlight MechanicsExperimental AerodynamicsFlight SimulationIce RheologyWind-tunnel TestingWing AerodynamicsWing DesignAerodynamic Drag EffectsAircraft Response CharacteristicsIcing EffectsIcing SimulationIcing Wind Tunnel ExperimentsWind Tunnel ModelingWind Tunnel SimulationWind-tunnel Aeroelastic Testing
A three stage predictive method for determining the effect of ice on aircraft flight characteristics is proposed: Determination of ice deposit shapes and sizes in simulated icing environment of the icing wind tunnel; fabrication of ice imitators of these and conventional wind tunnel testing of their aerodynamic effects, especially with 2-dimensional technique; and, an application procedure of the 2-dimensional data to the 3-dimensional aircraft. The three stages are discussed and results are presented regarding tunnel force measurements and flight investigations. Conclusions are also presented regarding the methods used to predict the influence of ice and the aerodynamic effects of wing icing.