Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Development and Reproductive Potential of Liriomyza sativae, L. trifolii, and L. bryoniae (Diptera: Agromyzidae).

Abstract

The developmental period, reproductive potential, and adult longevities of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, L. trifolii (Burgess), and L. bryoniae (Kaltenbach) were examined on kidney beans. The total developmental period (oviposition to adult emergence) decreased with increasing temperature between 15°C and 30°C in L. sativae and L. trifolii, and between 15°C and 25°C in L. bryoniae with a 15L–9D photoperiod. A significantly longer developmental period was found in each species with 10L–14D than with 15L–9D photoperiods at 18°C. The developmental zeros for total development of L. sativae, L. trifolii, and L. bryoniae were 10.7, 9.8, and 8.1°C, respectively. The effective accumulative temperatures of L. sativae, L. trifolii, and L. bryoniae were 248.1, 251.3, and 316.5 day-degrees, respectively. The adult emergence rates for all three species were highest at 25°C. The total fecundity was highest for L. sativae among the three Liriomyza species. Adults of L. sativae lived significantly longer than those of L. trifolii and L. bryoniae. The intrinsic rates of natural increase for L. sativae, L. trifolii, and L. bryoniae were 0.21, 0.17, and 0.12, respectively.