Dual Coding as a Possible Explanation for the Effects of Multimedia on Learning

Abstract

.............................................................................................3 Introduction.........................................................................................4 Paivio's Dual Coding Theory ....................................................................4 Dual Coding Improves Multimedia Learning..........................................6 Text and Illustrations ............................................................6 Audio and Illustrations ..........................................................7 Audio and Video .................................................................7 Media Synchronization..........................................................7 Dual Coding Impairs Multimedia Learning ............................................8 Conclusions ........................................................................................8 References ...........................................................................................