Technical difficulties and extending the indications for VATS lobectomy.

Abstract

Extension of indications to VATS lobectomy does not compromise the short-term results. Incompleteness of interlobar fissures, pleural adhesions, preoperative chemotherapy, big size of lesion, and some cases of centrally located tumors are not supposed to be the contraindications for VATS lobectomy. Peribronchial and perivascular lymph node calcification may complicate and even preclude lobectomy by VATS.