Molecularly imprinted framework materials: design, synthesis, applications, and perspectives

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted framework materials synergistically combine the high-specificity recognition of molecular imprinting technology with the intrinsic advantages of porous frameworks, such as their large specific surface area and tunable pore structures, resulting in exceptional adsorption performance. This review systematically outlines the fundamental principles, structural features, and recognition mechanisms of molecular imprinting polymers, with an emphasis on its integration with framework materials. We critically examine design strategies and synthesis methodologies for molecularly imprinted framework materials, covering molecularly imprinted metal organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted covalent organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted porous aromatic frameworks. Furthermore, we highlight the superior performance of these hybrid materials in pore size modulation, charge/mass transport efficiency, structural stability, and adsorption selectivity. Their applications span emerging contaminant detection, targeted drug delivery, biomolecular recognition, biomimetic catalysis, and chiral separation, demonstrating significant potential across multiple disciplines. Finally, we discuss current challenges and provide forward-looking perspectives to advance the development of intelligent, multifunctional molecularly imprinted framework materials for next-generation molecular recognition systems. • Molecular imprinting polymer based framework materials are firstly reviewed. • The synthesis and properties of molecularly imprinted framework materials are summarized. • The applications of molecularly imprinted framework materials in different fields are reviewed. • Molecularly imprinted frameworks combine the advantages of MIPs and framework materials.