Benchmarking state-of-the-art sodium-ion battery cells – modeling energy density and carbon footprint at the gigafactory-scale

B. A. Gruber, Miriam Mitterfellner, Jan-Darius Plöpst, Florian Degen, Richard Schmuch, Simon Lux

Energy & Environmental Science · 2025 · 30 citations · 144 references

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Abstract

Sodium-ion battery cell chemistries pursued by cell manufacturers are analyzed and compared to LFP/graphite cells. The study considers industrial-scale processes from mine to gigafactory cell production.

References

144