Carbon Materials: A Crucial Component Within the Family of High‐Performance Microwave Absorbing Materials

Abstract

Abstract In both contemporary civilian and military defense domains, microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) serve as a crucial tool for addressing electromagnetic pollution and play an indispensable role. Owing to their excellent compatibility and remarkable plasticity, carbon materials provide a robust foundation for various structural design engineering projects and are considered one of the most promising materials. However, the highly conjugated electron system and fixed electron transition energy levels result in issues such as poor impedance‐matching and a narrow absorption band, posing significant challenges to their application in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. This study delves into the mechanisms of electromagnetic wave generation and loss, starting with the straightforward design and control of composite structures. Subsequently, the optimization strategies of bionic structure design inspired by nature, with a focus on structure selection and process design are systematically discussed. More importantly, this paper presents superstructure design schemes that transcend natural limitations and integrate cutting‐edge intelligent concepts. Finally, several recommendations are proposed for current research and outline future development trends.