Synergizing Financial Inclusion and Green Finance: Advancing Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and 2050 in Alignment With COP 29 Commitments

Abstract

ABSTRACT Financial inclusion (FI) and green finance (GF) are critical enablers for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) and fulfilling objectives outlined in COP 29 related to climate action. FI and GF drive capital mobilization, green investments, and emissions reduction. A comprehensive literature review on FI and GF was conducted on the Web of Science and Scopus databases using VoSviewer and the Bibliometrix package in R. Analysis revealed that GF is mainly connected with digital finance, environmental economics, economic development, human capital, and blockchain. FI is intricately linked to multiple dimensions of sustainable development, including environmental quality, green growth, climate change, urbanization, and trade openness. Moreover, we identified seven clusters underscoring the strong interrelationships between FI, GF, and UN SDGs. Future research can explore key enablers of FI, such as digital technologies, regulatory frameworks, financial literacy, and public–private partnerships, and examine the interplay between FI and monetary policy.