Dielectric characteristics and energy storage capabilities of PVDF-based composite incorporating 2D GnP nanofiller

Abstract

Hybrid nanofiller engineered for polymer nanocomposite are anticipated to achieve superior energy storage performance due to their diverse morphologies and electrical properties. In this study, 2D graphite nanoparticle (GnP) heterostructures were synthesized on surfaces and incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to develop PVDF-based composite (PVDF-GnP) using the solution casting route. At room temperature and an electric field of 60 kV/cm, the composite exhibits a maximum polarization of 0.079 μC/cm², while the discharged energy density reaches 2.22 J/cm³. The dielectric constant of 0.2 wt% GnP/PVDF at room temperature and at a frequency of 10³ Hz is ∼52, with a low dielectric loss of 0.25, approximately five times higher than that of pure PVDF (∼10 at 25°C). Notably, the incorporation of GnP into the PVDF matrix significantly reduces AC conductivity, emphasizing its suitability for energy storage applications. Additionally, the study reveals that adding GnP does not modify the β phase of PVDF, ensuring the stability and compatibility of composite. Impedance analysis further highlights the dominance of grain boundary resistance, providing deeper insights into the electrical properties of the composite. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of GnP nanostructure and highlights their prospective use in cutting-edge nanotechnologies, especially in energy storage systems and high-density magnetic data recording. Current research is anticipated to further optimize the material for wider technological application.