Nanozyme Cascade Self-Powered H₂O₂ Strategy for Chemiluminescence Array Sensor to Monitor and Deactivate Multiple Bacteria

Abstract

Early warning and deactivation of multiple bacteria are highly desirable to prevent pathogen-responsible bacterial infectious illnesses. Here, we developed a nanozyme cascade self-powered H₂O₂ strategy for a chemiluminescence (CL) array immunosensor to enable high-throughput and simultaneous monitoring of multiple bacteria as well as their deactivation. Specifically, a novel ZIF-67@CoFePBA yolk-shell nanozyme was synthesized through a dissociation and re-coordination mechanism, exhibiting significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity due to the confinement and synergistic effects. ZIF-67@CoFePBA nanozyme was utilized to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) for constructing the nanozyme cascade self-powered H₂O₂ system. ZIF-67@CoFePBA nanozyme can catalyze in-situ H₂O₂ to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH), resulting in stable glow-type CL to construct array immunosensors without exogenous H₂O₂. The self-powered CL array sensor was exploited to simultaneously detect numerous bacteria with wide linear ranges of 1.5×10-1.5×10⁷ CFU/mL for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and 1.5×10²-1.5×10⁷ CFU/mL for <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Furthermore, the generated ·OH can destroy the internal structure of the bacteria and effectively eliminate them. This study provides a promising insight into the design of self-powered H₂O₂ sensors for high-throughput and simultaneous detection of multiple bacteria and their subsequent deactivation.