Establishing a New Benchmark in Quantum Computational Advantage with 105-qubit Zuchongzhi 3.0 Processor

TLDR

The task of random circuit sampling is estimated to be infeasible on the most powerful classical supercomputers, requiring approximately 5.9×10⁹ years to replicate. The authors aim to demonstrate quantum computational advantage by developing the Zuchongzhi 3.0 processor. Zuchongzhi 3.0 is a 105‑qubit superconducting quantum computer with single‑qubit, two‑qubit, and readout fidelities of 99.90%, 99.62%, and.

Abstract

In the relentless pursuit of quantum computational advantage, we present a significant advancement with the development of Zuchongzhi 3.0. This superconducting quantum computer prototype, comprising 105 qubits, achieves high operational fidelities, with single-qubit gates, two-qubit gates, and readout fidelity at 99.90%, 99.62%, and 99.13%, respectively. Our experiments with an 83-qubit, 32-cycle random circuit sampling on the Zuchongzhi 3.0 highlight its superior performance, achieving 1×10^{6} samples in just a few hundred seconds. This task is estimated to be infeasible on the most powerful classical supercomputers, Frontier, which would require approximately 5.9×10^{9} yr to replicate the task. This leap in processing power places the classical simulation cost 6 orders of magnitude beyond Google's SYC-67 and SYC-70 experiments [Morvan et al., Nature 634, 328 (2024)10.1038/s41586-024-07998-6], firmly establishing a new benchmark in quantum computational advantage. Our work not only advances the frontiers of quantum computing but also lays the groundwork for a new era where quantum processors play an essential role in tackling sophisticated real-world challenges.