In Situ Formation of Hydrogels Loaded with ZnO Nanoparticles Promotes Healing of Diabetic Wounds in Rats

Abstract

The challenge of healing diabetic skin wounds presents a significant hurdle in clinical practice and scientific research. In response to this pressing concern, we have developed a temperature-sensitive, in situ-forming hydrogel comprising poly(<i>n</i>-isopropylacrylamide₁₆₆-<i>co</i>-<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate₉) -poly(ethylene glycol) -poly(<i>n</i>-isopropylacrylamide₁₆₆-<i>co</i>-butyl acrylate₉) copolymer, denoted as PEP, in combination with zinc oxide nanoparticles, forming what we refer to as PEP-ZnO hydrogel. The antimicrobial properties of the PEP-ZnO hydrogel against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were rigorously assessed by using the bacteriostatic banding method. In vitro evaluations encompassed examinations of hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. The study further employed a diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat whole-layer trauma model for comprehensive in vivo analyses. In vivo healing assessments revealed the potential of the PEP-ZnO hydrogel, characterized by increased collagen deposition and enhanced vascularization at the trauma site, thus significantly expediting the healing process. Collectively, these findings endorse the PEP-ZnO hydrogel as a safe and effective dressing for addressing chronic wounds in diabetic patients. This hydrogel not only holds promise for improving the quality of life for diabetic individuals grappling with chronic wounds but also represents a noteworthy advancement in wound care.