Regulated dual defects of ligand defects and lattice defects in UIO-66 for ultra-trace simultaneous detection and removal of heavy metal ions

Abstract

Solvothermally synthesized dual-defect D-D-UIO-66 exhibits enhanced electrochemical and adsorptive properties due to synergistic lattice and ligand defects, effectively detecting and adsorbing HMIs, with performance validated in real water matrices.