Enantioselective dearomative formal (3+3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes with aromatic azomethine imines: access to fused 2,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes

Abstract

Although cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) have emerged as a reliable approach for producing bicyclo[<i>n</i>.1.1]alkanes such as azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (aza-BCHeps), serving as saturated bioisosteres of arenes, the catalytic asymmetric variant remains underdeveloped and presents challenges. Herein, we developed several Lewis acid-catalyzed systems for the challenging dearomative (3+3) cycloaddition of BCBs and aromatic azomethine imines. This resulted in fused 2,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, introducing a novel chemical space for the caged hydrocarbons. Moreover, an asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis strategy was devised for the (3+3) cycloadditions of BCBs and <i>N</i>-iminoisoquinolinium ylides, forming chiral diaza-BCHeps with up to 99% yield and 97% ee. This study showcases a unique instance of asymmetric (3+3) cycloaddition facilitated by the creation of a chiral environment <i>via</i> the activation of BCBs.