Proximate analysis in biomass: Standards, applications and key characteristics

Abstract

• Proximate analysis uniquely characterizes biomass for biofuel applications. • Comprehensive review identifies biomass-specific analysis protocols. • Insights on the importance of volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon analysis. • Recommendations for improved standards in biomass proximate analysis. • Addresses literature gaps contrasting biomass with coal and coke analysis. Proximate analysis is a crucial method for characterizing biofuels, as it provides detailed information on moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content. This analysis is essential for evaluating the viability of biomass and optimizing its applications, particularly in renewable energy production. Understanding these parameters helps in comparing different biomass types and determining the best methods for their utilization or pretreatment to enhance efficiency. This study aims to address a gap in the literature by focusing specifically on biomass, in contrast to other fuels like coal and coke, which fall outside the scope of this research. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the Web of Science database, with a focus on the standards, applications, and characteristics of proximate analysis as they pertain to biomass. The review was organized into four main categories: proximate analysis, volatiles, ash, and fixed carbon. While standards for proximate analysis are well-established for various materials, this study emphasizes the importance of specific protocols tailored to biomass to ensure accurate application. The findings suggest that a clearer understanding of the standards and characteristics of proximate analysis is essential for its accurate implementation and interpretation. This study addresses gaps in current practices and offers recommendations for future research.