Performance of a phonon-mediated kinetic inductance detector at the NEXUS cryogenic facility

Abstract

Microcalorimeters that leverage microwave kinetic inductance detectors to read out phonon signals in the particle-absorbing target, referred to as kinetic inductance phonon-mediated (KIPM) detectors, offer an attractive detector architecture to probe dark matter (DM) down to the fermionic thermal relic mass limit. A prototype KIPM detector featuring a single aluminum resonator patterned onto a 1-gram silicon substrate was operated in the Northwestern EXerimental Underground Site (NEXUS) low-background facility at Fermilab for characterization and evaluation of this detector architecture's efficacy for a DM search. An energy calibration was performed by exposing the bare substrate to a pulsed source of 470-nm photons, resulting in a baseline resolution on the energy absorbed by the phonon sensor of $2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ eV, a factor of two better than the current state of the art, enabled by quasiparticle lifetimes extending up to 6.5 ms. However, due to the subpercent phonon collection efficiency, the resolution on energy deposited in the substrate is limited to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{E}=318\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}29$ eV. We further model both the signal pulse shape as a function of device temperature to extract quasiparticle lifetimes, and the observed noise spectra.