Phase change materials (PCM) as a passive system in the opaque building envelope: A simulation-based analysis

Abstract

The ongoing energy crisis is a critical issue in both scientific and managerial spheres within the building and construction industry. While low-cost strategies to reduce energy consumption offer advantage to stakeholders, this study primarily advocates the use of phase change materials (PCM) to enhance the management of cooling and heating loads in buildings. Using DesignBuilder simulations, this research is demonstrated on Iran as a case study representing a developing country. The findings reveal that integrating PCM into buildings can reduce energy consumption by approximately 6 %. Furthermore, a quantitative comparison of building efficiency based on Energy Use Intensity (EUI) calculations highlights the benefs of alternative materials. Specifically, a 5.6 % reduction in EUI was observed with PCMs while nano-paints contributed a 1.8 % reduction. Although these reductions may seem modest compared to other techniques, they represent significant progress toward green building objectives in both developed and developing nations. The case study, conducted in a region experiencing four seasons, highlights the substantial potential of PCM systems for managing both cooling and heating energy demands. Notably, the reciprocal performance improvement of PCMs sets them apart from conventional systems that typically target one aspect of energy management. The research also includes comprehensive thermodynamic and heat transfer analyses, economic assessments, sustainability evaluations, and exergy analysis. These analyses demonstrate that the PCM scenario is more favorable compared to other strategies, such as no thermal insulation and the use of nano-paints. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the alignment of the proposed PCM integration with Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy Targets). The results provide a compelling argument for the adoption of PCM technology by highlighting its role in improving energy efficiency, supporting sustainable development, and addressing the energy crisis effectively.” • PCM efficiency in energy reduction in building envelope, aligning with green goals • PCMs exhibition of reciprocal improvement, contrasting with conventional single-objective systems • PCM analysis in sustainability and exergy indexes • PCM assessment for strategic energy management, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 7