ENPP1 induces blood–brain barrier dysfunction and promotes brain metastasis formation in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer

Abstract

We demonstrated that metastatic BC cells exploit the ENPP1 signaling for cell transmigration across the BBB and brain colonization. Our data implicate ENPP1 as a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and early detection of BrM in HER2+ BC.