Evolution of Emissions: The Role of Clean Energy in Sustainable Development

Abstract

This paper assesses green energy technology with respect to its profound impacts, particularly photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity, wind installed capacity and hydrogen fuel cells installed capacity on sustainable development as well as mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the study examines recent technological improvements and empirical facts that indicate how renewable sources of energy facilitates decrease in carbon emission and further supports global sustainability goals. As a result, major findings show significant declines in CO₂ releases after extensive PV, wind and hydrogen fuel cell technologies have been deployed. The examples from China, EU countries, USA, India and Japan demonstrate these accomplishments. Cumulative CO₂ emissions from 2015 to 2023 for China were 102.0 Gt; while the United States had 43.0 Gt; EU - 25.4 Gt; India – 21.7 Gt; Japan –10.0 Gt, respectively.