Synthesis of novel piperazine-based bis(thiazole)(1,3,4-thiadiazole) hybrids as anti-cancer agents through caspase-dependent apoptosis

Abstract

= 1.3 nM, 97.8% inhibition). Compound 9i dramatically induced apoptotic cell death by 4.16-fold and necrosis cell death by 4.79-fold. Compound 9i upregulated the apoptosis-related genes and downregulated the Bcl-2 as an anti-apoptotic gene. Accordingly, the most promising EGFR-targeted chemotherapeutic agent to treat colon cancer was found to be compound 9i.