A mosquito proboscis-inspired cambered microneedle patch for ophthalmic regional anaesthesia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: One of the methods for pain management involves the use of local anesthesia, which numbs sensations in specific body regions while maintaining consciousness. OBJECTIVES: Considering the certain limitations (e.g., pain, the requirement of skilled professionals, or slow passive diffusion) of conventional delivery methods of local anesthetics, developing alternative strategies that offer minimally invasive yet therapeutically effective delivery systems is of great concern for ophthalmic regional anesthesia. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, a rapidly dissolving cambered microneedle (MNs) patch, composed of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and served as a delivery system for lidocaine (Lido) in local anesthesia, was developed taking inspiration from the mosquito proboscis's ability to extract blood unnoticed. The lidocaine-containing MNs patch (MNs@Lido) consisted of 25 microneedles with a four-pronged cone structure (height: 500 μm, base width: 275 μm), arranged in a concentric circle pattern on the patch, and displays excellent dissolubility for effective drug delivery of Lido. After confirming good cytocompatibility, MNs@Lido was found to possess adequate rigidity to penetrate the cornea without causing any subsequent injury, and the created corneal pinhole channels completely self-healed within 24 h. Interestingly, MNs@Lido exhibited effective analgesic effects for local anesthesia on both heel skin and eyeball, with the sustained anesthetic effect lasting for at least 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the mosquito proboscis-inspired cambered MNs patch provides rapid and painless local anesthesia, overcoming the limitations of conventional delivery methods of local anesthetics, thus opening up new possibilities in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases.