1c:I[419806,["/_next/static/chunks/bb923814e1f4d2e9.js","/_next/static/chunks/dd3ee9f5b7716ca6.js","/_next/static/chunks/4204a0ae82542ca8.js","/_next/static/chunks/1270dead247da766.js","/_next/static/chunks/6e1aa89a642f40be.js","/_next/static/chunks/2d7aa753e81324a8.js","/_next/static/chunks/8ffd0b71567920d8.js","/_next/static/chunks/67ea6dfd21f16c5f.js","/_next/static/chunks/24eb4379f68013fd.js","/_next/static/chunks/b8cd775ffdf935bd.js","/_next/static/chunks/983103cd9eb7b428.js","/_next/static/chunks/263f2cdcb9aa2341.js","/_next/static/chunks/294b9525248c8e5f.js"],"default"] 1d:T532,Electrochemical conversion of nitrate (NO₃^-) into ammonia (NH₃) recycles nitrogen and offers a route to the production of NH₃, which is more valuable than dinitrogen gas. However, today's development of NO₃^- electroreduction remains hindered by the lack of a mechanistic picture of how catalyst structure may be tuned to enhance catalytic activity. Here we demonstrate enhanced NO₃^- reduction reaction (NO₃^-RR) performance on Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ alloy catalysts, including a 0.12 V upshift in the half-wave potential and a 6-fold increase in activity compared to those obtained with pure Cu at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Ni alloying enables tuning of the Cu d-band center and modulates the adsorption energies of intermediates such as *NO₃^-, *NO₂, and *NH₂. Using density functional theory calculations, we identify a NO₃^-RR-to-NH₃ pathway and offer an adsorption energy-activity relationship for the CuNi alloy system. This correlation between catalyst electronic structure and NO₃^-RR activity offers a design platform for further development of NO₃^-RR catalysts.1e:T523,The limitations of the Haber-Bosch reaction, particularly high-temperature operation, have ignited new interests in low-temperature ammonia-synthesis scenarios. Ambient N₂ electroreduction is a compelling alternative but is impeded by a low ammonia production rate (mostly <10 mmol g_cat^-1 h^-1), a small partial current density (<1 mA cm^-2), and a high-selectivity hydrogen-evolving side reaction. Herein, we report that room-temperature nitrate electroreduction catalyzed by strained ruthenium nanoclusters generates ammonia at a higher rate (5.56 mol g_cat^-1 h^-1) than the Haber-Bosch process. The primary contributor to such performance is hydrogen radicals, which are generated by suppressing hydrogen-hydrogen dimerization during water splitting enabled by the tensile lattice strains. The radicals expedite nitrate-to-ammonia conversion by hydrogenating intermediates of the rate-limiting steps at lower kinetic barriers. The strained nanostructures can maintain nearly 100% ammonia-evolving selectivity at >120 mA cm^-2 current densities for 100 h due to the robust subsurface Ru-O coordination. These findings highlight the potential of nitrate electroreduction in real-world, low-temperature ammonia synthesis.1f:T4cc,Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into recyclable ammonium under benign conditions is significant. However, the development of such a process has been retarded by the lack of efficient electrocatalysts for highly selective synthesis of ammonia from nitrate electroreduction. In this work, TiO2 nanotubes with rich oxygen vacancies (TiO2-x) are reported to exhibit high Faradaic efficiency (85.0%) and selectivity (87.1%) toward the ammonium synthesis from nitrate electroreduction. 15N isotope labeling experiments prove that ammonium originates from nitrate reduction. Both the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and colorimetric methods are performed to quantify ammonia. Online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and density functional theory calculations reveal the function of oxygen vacancy in nitrate electr

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