1c:I[419806,["/_next/static/chunks/bb923814e1f4d2e9.js","/_next/static/chunks/dd3ee9f5b7716ca6.js","/_next/static/chunks/4204a0ae82542ca8.js","/_next/static/chunks/30036bedc5269936.js","/_next/static/chunks/6e1aa89a642f40be.js","/_next/static/chunks/cd5e572bc3e4eb92.js","/_next/static/chunks/8ffd0b71567920d8.js","/_next/static/chunks/67ea6dfd21f16c5f.js","/_next/static/chunks/24eb4379f68013fd.js","/_next/static/chunks/b8cd775ffdf935bd.js","/_next/static/chunks/983103cd9eb7b428.js","/_next/static/chunks/d4ac9dcf27f6ff52.js","/_next/static/chunks/294b9525248c8e5f.js"],"default"] 1d:T4ce,Designing effective electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂ RR) is an appealing approach to tackling the challenges posed by rising CO₂ levels and realizing a closed carbon cycle. However, fundamental understanding of the complicated CO₂ RR mechanism in CO₂ electrocatalysis is still lacking because model systems are limited. We have designed a model nickel single-atom catalyst (Ni SAC) with a uniform structure and well-defined Ni-N₄ moiety on a conductive carbon support with which to explore the electrochemical CO₂ RR. Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and near-ambient X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealed that Ni⁺ in the Ni SAC was highly active for CO₂ activation, and functioned as an authentic catalytically active site for the CO₂ RR. Furthermore, through combination with a kinetics study, the rate-determining step of the CO₂ RR was determined to be *CO₂ ^- +H⁺ →*COOH. This study tackles the four challenges faced by the CO₂ RR; namely, activity, selectivity, stability, and dynamics.1e:T4ad,The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising technology for converting waste CO2 into chemicals which could be used as feedstock for the chemical industry or as synthetic fuels. The technological viability of this process, however, is contingent on finding affordable and efficient catalysts. Recently, carbon-based solid state catalyst materials containing small amounts of nitrogen and transition metals (MNC) have emerged as a selective and cost-efficient alternative to noble metal catalysts for the direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO. In addition, other products have also been reported, including formic acid and methane. In this Perspective, we offer a focused discussion of recent advances in the field of MNC catalysts for the CO2RR. The different factors which control the catalytic performance of MNC toward the CO2RR are discussed in this Perspective. We focus on density functional theory-guided experimental studies aiming to elucidate key experimental parameters and molecular descriptors that control the activity and selectivity of this class of materials. We close addressing the remaining challenges and take a look forward into future studies.1f:T4dc,Alloying is an important strategy for the design of catalytic materials beyond pure metals. The conventional alloy catalysts however lack precise control over the local atomic structures of active sites. Here we report on an investigation of the active-site ensemble effect in bimetallic Pd-Au electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. A series of Pd@Au electrocatalysts are synthesized by decorating Au nanoparticles with Pd of controlled doses, giving rise to bimetallic surfaces containing Pd ensembles of various sizes. Their catalytic activity for electroreduction of CO₂ to CO exhibits a nonlinear behavior in dependence of the Pd content, which is attributed to the variation of Pd ensemble size and the corresponding tuning of adsorption properties. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Pd@Au electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Pd sites possess lower energy barriers for activation of CO₂ than pure Au and are also less poisoned by strongly binding *CO intermediates than pure Pd, with an intermediat

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