A MOFs‐Derived Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Hybrid Nanoporous Carbon Incorporated Laser‐Scribed Graphene‐Based Multimodal Skin Patch for Perspiration Analysis and Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Abstract

Abstract Although metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived nanoporous C (NPC) materials offer several advantages for electrochemical sensor applications, surface functionalization and porosity tuning can affect sensor performance. This study presents the development of a skin patch for perspiration and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, leveraging the unique properties of MOF‐on‐MOF‐derived surface‐functionalized hybrid nanoporous C (f‐HNPC) incorporated into laser‐scribed graphene (LSG). Hydroxyl (OH) group‐functionalized NPC, achieved through KOH activation, facilitates electron transport at the electrode–electrolyte interface. This enhances the electrochemical activity, thereby improving sensor sensitivity and expanding the detection range. The integration of f‐HNPC provides enhanced surface area and electrochemical properties, enabling sensitive and selective detection of sweat biomarkers, including glucose (103 µA mM −1 cm −2 ) and uric acid (184 µA mM −1 cm −2 ) along with an ultra‐wide glucose detection range (up to 41.5 mM). Moreover, the incorporation of LSG ensures excellent mechanical flexibility, facilitating conformal contact with the skin for reliable signal acquisition. The proposed skin patch demonstrates promising performance in real‐time perspiration analysis and ECG monitoring with a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 23.63 dB, along with high stability and long‐term durability. The synergistic combination of f‐HNPC and LSG shows great potential for developing advanced wearable biosensing platforms for personalized healthcare applications.