Recent progress in MXene-based materials, synthesis, design, and application in lithium-sulfur batteries

Abstract

The unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, nitrides , and carbonitrides , known as MXenes, have gained significant attention since their discovery in 2011. These properties, including mechanical strength , hydrophilicity, and metallic conductivity, are meticulously tied to their diverse surface terminations. Researchers have not only invented new MXenes but have also explored various innovative synthesis techniques. These materials have found applications, particularly in energy storage, with a focus on LSBs (lithium-sulfur batteries). This review highlights up-to-date advancements in MXene utilization within LSB technology. Initially, it summarizes the comprehensive synthetic approaches for synthesizing MXenes. Subsequently, the paper examines the research on using MXenes in different components of LSBs, such as cathodes, separators, and anodes. Lastly, the review addresses pertinent challenges and offers insights into potential avenues for future research. This paper's primary objective is to give researchers a more profound comprehension of the multifunctional nature of MXenes and their diverse applications in the extensive landscape of LSBs. We hope that the entitled review will play a vital role in gaining ideas about multifunctional MXene and its applications in LSBs. • Advances in the synthesis of MXenes and their composites are explored. • The physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties and challenges related to stability and restacking of MXenes are discussed. • 2D-3D MXenes and their composite materials for lithium-sulfur batteries were comprehensively reviewed. • A detailed comparison of mechanism, cost, technical maturity, and recent development is discussed. • The progress and strategies to enhance the performance of MXenes for energy storage devices are discussed.